python 实现socket服务端并发的四种方式

脚本专栏 2024/11/15 佚名

3 2 1

多进程&多线程

服务端：多进程和多线程的开启方式相同。

缺点：<1> 由于Cpython的GIL，导致同一时间无法运行多个线程；<2> 不可能无限开进进程或线程

解决办法：多进程、concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor、线程池

import socket
from multiprocessing import Process
from threading import Thread


class MyTcpServer:
  def __init__(self, ip, port):
    self.ip = ip
    self.port = port
    self.server = socket.socket()
    self.server.bind((self.ip, self.port))
    self.server.listen(5)

  def wait_accept(self):
    conn, addr = self.server.accept()
    return conn, addr

  def handle_request(self, conn):
    while 1:
      try:
        data = conn.recv(1024)
        if not data: break
        conn.send(data.upper())
      except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        break
    conn.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
  server = MyTcpServer('127.0.0.1', 8888)
  while 1:
    conn, addr = server.wait_accept()
    p = Process(target=server.handle_request, args=(conn, ))	# 创建一个进程
    p.start()	# 告诉操作提供，开启这个进程

进程池&线程池

异步提交任务，支持异步接收返回结果(submit返回一个futures对象，调用add_done_callback方法)

import socket
from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
# from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor


class MyTcpServer:
  def __init__(self, ip, port):
    self.ip = ip
    self.port = port
    self.server = socket.socket()
    self.server.bind((self.ip, self.port))
    self.server.listen(5)

  def wait_accept(self):
    conn, addr = self.server.accept()
    return conn, addr

  def handle_request(self, conn):
    while 1:
      try:
        data = conn.recv(1024)
        if not data: break
        conn.send(data.upper())
      except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        break
    conn.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
  server = MyTcpServer('127.0.0.1', 8888)
  pool = ProcessPoolExecutor(5)    # 5个进程一直服务

  while 1:
    conn, addr = server.wait_accept()
    pool.submit(server.handle_request, conn)	# 异步提交任务

socketserver

优点：简化socket服务端创建流程。
提供服务端串行和并发两种服务模式（TCPServer，ThreadingTCPServer）
缺点：windows上无法使用多进程实现并发

import socketserver


class MyTcpHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
  def handle(self):		# 通信循环
    while 1:
      try:
        data = self.request.recv(1024)
        if not data: break
        self.request.send(data.upper())
      except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        break
    self.request.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
  ip_port = '127.0.0.1', 8888
  server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(ip_port, MyTcpHandler) # 异步处理 
  server.serve_forever()		# 连接循环

协程

优点：单线程内实现并发，代码级别模拟IO切换，提高程序运行效率

from gevent import spawn, monkey;monkey.patch_all()		# 猴子补丁，补丁:常规IO
import socket


class MyTcpServer:
  def __init__(self, ip, port, my_spawn):
    self.ip = ip
    self.port = port
    self.server = socket.socket()
    self.server.bind((self.ip, self.port))
    self.server.listen(5)
    self.spawn = my_spawn		# 保存spawn本地

  def wait_accept(self):
    while 1:
      conn, addr = self.server.accept()
      self.spawn(self.handle_request, conn)	# 检测 handle_request的io

  def handle_request(self, conn):
    while 1:
      try:
        data = conn.recv(1024)
        if not data: break
        conn.send(data.upper())
      except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        break
    conn.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
  server = MyTcpServer('127.0.0.1', 8888, spawn)
  g1 = server.spawn(server.wait_accept)	# 检测wait_accept的io
  g1.join()	# 等待g1运行结束，即一直在循环检测io

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